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Slit (gene family)
Slit refers to a family of related genes which encode a corresponding set of secreted proteins, also collectively referred to as Slit. The ventral midline of the central nervous system is a key place where axons can either decide to cross and laterally project or stay on the same side of the brain. The main function of Slit proteins is to act as midline repellents, preventing the crossing of longitudinal axons through the midline of the central nervous system of most bilaterian animal species, including mice, chickens, humans, insects, nematode worms and planarians. It also prevents the recrossing of commissural axons. Its canonical receptor is Robo but it may have other receptors. The Slit protein is produced and secreted by cells within the floor plate (in vertebrates) or by midline glia (in insects) and diffuses outward. Slit/Robo signaling is important in pioneer axon guidance.
Humans, mice and other vertebrates possess three Slit genes, known as ''Slit1,'' ''Slit2,'' and ''Slit3,'' which cooperate to mediate midline repulsion. Other animals, such as insects and nematode worms, possess a single Slit gene. Human ''Slits'' are involved in a few pathological circumstances, such as in cancer and inflammation.
== Discovery ==
Slit mutations were first discovered in the Nuesslein-Volhard/Wieschaus patterning screen where they were seen to affect the external midline structures in the embryos of ''Drosophila melanogaster'', also known as the common fruit fly. In this experiment, researchers screened for different mutations in ''D. melanogaster'' embryos that affected the neural development of axons in the central nervous system. They found that the mutations in commissureless genes (''Slit'' genes) lead to the growth cones that typically cross the midline remaining on their own side. The findings from this screening suggest that ''Slit'' genes are responsible for repulsive signaling along the neuronal midline.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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